Karl Ludwig Ernst Friedrich Schroeder (September 11, 1838, Neustrelitz - February 7, 1887) was a German gynecologist .
He studied medicine at the Universities of Würzburg and Rostock. He earned his doctorate in 1864, and became an assistant to Gustav Veit (1824-1903) at the University of Bonn. Afterwards he practiced medicine at the University of Erlangen and at the Charité in Berlin. At Erlangen he succeeded Eugen Rosshirt (1795-1872) in 1869 as professor of obstetrics, and at the Charité, Schroeder was director of the gynecology clinic.
Schroeder was a catalyst concerning construction of the clinic of gynecology and obstetrics at the Berlin-Charité. It first opened in 1881, and was constructed with an emphasis on hygiene and antisepsis. In 1870 he published an important textbook on midwifery that was later translated into English. Schroeder specialized in research of gynecological diseases, and is remembered for his surgical work with vaginal and endometrial cancers. The eponymous Schroeder's operation is another name for excision of diseased endocervical mucosa.